《入菩薩行論》第四品 不放逸 Bodhicharyavatara Ch.4

《入菩薩行論》– 寂天菩薩 造頌

BODHICHARYAVATARA — Santideva

中譯文為如石法師所譯第五版

English version:

Santideva’s Bodhicharyavatara. 1990. New Delhi: Aditya Prakshan, (translated into English by Parmanada Sharma, with the orginial Sanskrit)

第四品 不放逸

IV. BODHICHITTAPRAMADA

Perseverance in Bodhichitta

1. 佛子即如是 堅持菩提心 應恆勤勿怠 莫違諸學處
The son of a conqueror, holding on to the bodhichitta firmly, should always make an effort without any laziness, not to transgress the teachings.

2. 行若不慎思 或任意妄為 彼雖受誓言 後乃思取舍
That which is started on an impulse or without due deliberation should never be acted upon even if (it has been) promised on oath.

3. 諸佛及佛子 大慧所觀察 吾亦屢思擇 雲何舍彼戒
A course of action which has been well-pondered over by the Buddhas and their supremely wise sons, or even by myself to the best of my capacity, — why any procrastination in (pursuing) that (course)?

4. 若誓利眾生 而不勤踐履 則為欺有情 來生何所似
What will be my fate if, having taken such a vow, I do not practise it in action but, instead, deceive everybody?

5. 意雖思布施 微少凡常物 然未施與人 經說墮餓鬼
It has been said even in respect of a small thing that if a person does not give it away having vowed to do so, he becomes a ‘preta’ or a hungry ghost.

6. 懇請眾生赴 無上安樂宴 後反欺眾生 雲何生善趣
What shall then be my fate if, by deceiving everybody, I do not fulfill my vow of affording unsurpassed bliss to beings after having spoken it in thought?

7. 有人舍覺心 卻辦解脫果 彼業則難思 唯一切智知
Only the omniscient (Buddha) knows the sequence of the karma of these unthinkable ones, for he gives release to even persons who have given up the bodhichitta.

8. 菩薩戒墮中 此罪最嚴重 因彼心若生 將損眾生利
Therefore, for a bodhisattva, this is the biggest misfortune which, if it befalls, can be the cause of great harm for all beings.

9. 雖僅一剎那 障礙他人德 虧損有情利 惡趣報無邊
Whoever, else also hinders his (i.e., a bodhisattva’s) noble deeds even for a moment his evil fate will be abundant as one (guilty of) destroying the welfare of beings.

10. 毀一有情樂 自身且遭損 況毀盡空際 眾有情安樂
A person is ruined even by marring the welfare of one being; what then of him who destroys the welfare of countless beings dwelling up to the endless expanse of space?

11. 是故具罪墮 及菩提心者 間雜輪回故 登地久蹉跎
Thus, revolving between the force of the awakening mind and the pull of the falling mind, one oscillates in cyclic existence and one’s attainment of the level (of a bodhisattva) is delayed.

12. 故如所立誓 我當恭敬行 今後若不勉 定當趣下流
Therefore, whatever has been vowed by me should be sincerely practiced. If the effort is not made by me today, I (am doomed to) sink from the lower levels.

13. 饒益眾有情 無量佛已逝 然我因昔過 不得佛化育
Countless have been the Buddhas seeking the welfare of all beings, but I could never come within the ambit of their care because of my own faults.

14. 若今依舊犯 如是將反覆 惡趣中領受 病縛剖割苦
If I continue to be even today what I was, I shall be destined to meet the fate of sufferings (in realms of hell) through diseases, death, dismemberment, and disintegration etc.

15. 或值佛出世 為人信佛法 宜修善稀有 何日復得此
How shall I then attain that which is difficult to attain – the generation of the ‘tathata’, faith, human form and the ability to cultivate wholesome practice?

16. 縱以今無病 足食無損傷 然壽剎那逝 身猶須臾質
Presently I may be full of health, well-fed, without affliction; but life is momentary and illusive and the body is like an object on a brief moment’s loan.

17. 憑吾此身素 尚不得人生 若不得人身 徒惡無善行
Nor is this human form attainable again through such (unwholesome) acts of mine. In the absence of the human form (i.e. without a human birth) only evil acts are performed. Whence merit then?

18. 若具行善緣 而我未為善 惡趣眾苦逼 彼時復何為
If I do not perform wholesome acts even when capable of doing so, what shall I do when I am baffled by the sufferings of lower realms?

19. 即未行諸善 復親集眾惡 縱歷一億劫 不聞善趣名
Not doing wholesome deeds and, instead, garnering evil, even the term ‘happy life or sugati’ will be dead for me for millions of aeons.

20. 是故世尊說 人身極難得 如海中盲龜 頸入軛木孔
So it was that the Lord (Buddha) said: “Human status is very difficult to attain; as (the luck of ) a tortoise trying to thrust its neck into (the hole of) a yoke (adrift) on the tumultuous waves of a great ocean.

21-22. 剎那造重罪 歷劫住無間 況無始輪回 積罪失善趣 然僅受彼報 猶不得解脫 因受彼報時 復生餘多罪
A person is consigned to the deepest hell by an evil deed done for a moment; what is then to expect by way of a happy state after having amassed evil deeds since time immemorial?
Such a person is not liberated even after experiencing that state, that is, hell; because, even more evil is generated in the process of experiencing that state.

23. 即得此閑暇 若我不修善 自欺莫勝此 亦無過此愚 若我已解此 因痴而怠惰 則於臨終時 將起大憂苦
If I am thus careless I shall again suffer because of my folly, for again shall I be grieving when overtaken by the messengers of death.

25. 難忍地獄火 長久燒身時 悔火灸燃故 吾心必痛苦
For long will my body burn in the unbearable fires of hell, and my mind, — foolish and ignorant, will interminably smoulder in the fire of repentance.

26. 難得饒益處 今既僥幸得 亦復具智慧 若仍赴地獄
Having somehow attained this blissful state, — difficult to attain with full awareness, I am being led again to those very hells.

27. 則如咒所惑 我成無心者 不知受何惑 何蠱藏吾心
And here am I in no way conscious (of my real dharma), as if under the spell of a charm. I do not know by what I am being deluded and who is it dwelling inside of me.

28. 嗔貪等諸敵 無有手足等 非明非勇精 怎役我如奴
Enemies like craving and hatred are without hands or feet; they are neither brave nor wise. How, then, have I been enslaved by them?

29. 惑住我心中 任意傷害我 猶忍不嗔彼 非當應訶責
While these safely dwell in my heart, they are destroying very me. Even then, I feel no anger. Fie on such misplaced tolerance!

30. 縱使天非天 齊來敵對我 然彼也不能 引我入無間
Even if gods and men become my enemies, they would not be able to hurl me into the fires of hell.

31. 煩惱敵力大 擲我入獄火 須彌若遇之 灰盡亦無餘
However, these klesa-enemies instantly push me into them (i.e., hell-fires) whose contact does not permit even the ashes of the Meru Mountain to survive.

32. 吾心煩惱敵 長住無始終 其餘世間敵 則非如是久
Nor do all other enemies (of mine) have such a long span of life as that of these my klesa foes, -beginningless, endless and extremely lengthy.

33. 若我順待敵 彼或利樂我 若隨諸煩惱 徒招傷害苦
All others work towards one’s well-being when properly served but these klesa, when served, are extremely harmful in their consequence.

34. 此久相續敵 孽禍唯一因 若真住我心 生死怎無懼
How can I have a fear-free (sense of) joy towards samsara when these constant, incessant enemies, the sole source of great evils and sins, continue to dwell in my mind?

35. 生死牢獄卒 地獄劊子手 若皆住我心 安樂何能有
Whence can there be any happiness for me when, in the cage of greed, my mind, dwell these guardians of the prison of ‘samsara’, — these killers and butchers of hells etc?

36. 乃至吾未能 親滅此惑敵 則我於今生 不應舍精進 於他微小害 尚且起嗔心 是故未滅彼 壯士不成眠
Therefore, so long as these enemies are not killed before my own eyes, I will not throw the yoke. People with self-respect, when incensed by even a little insult, sleep not till the detractor is killed.

37. 尚且不顧慮 箭矛著身苦 未達目的已 不向後逃跑 列陣激戰場 奮力欲滅彼 終必自死亡 生諸苦惱敵
Having once resolved (to fight to the finish) and while engaged in battle, people do not turn away in the face of the onslaught of arrows and spears. Then, when about the gloom of certain death, inherent in life’s battle, where evils are all ready to kill you?

38. 況吾精進定欲滅 恆未苦因自然敵 今雖遭受百般苦 不應喪志生懈怠
Then what of my grief and cowardice today when attacked by hundreds of evils, — my natural enemies and the sources of all suffering, (although) I am ready to destroy those (enemies)?

39. 昔因微利遭敵傷 於身猶如配莊嚴 今為大利勤精進 痛苦雲何能困我
People wear like ornaments on their bodies the scars so meaninglessly inflicted by an enemy. Why should, then, sufferings be an obstacle for me who am ready to undertake the task of achieving the Great Perfection.

40. 漁夫屠戶農人等 唯念己身維生計 猶忍冷熱諸艱辛 為眾樂故何不忍
Fishermen, chandalas and tillers of land endure the excesses of heat and cold merely for the purpose of earning a livelihood. Why should not I endure all sufferings, then, for the well-being of the world?

41. 雖曾立此誓 欲度十方際 眾生除煩惱 然我未離惑
Having vowed to emancipate from ‘klesas’ beings dwelling in all the ten directions till the ends of space, my own self has not so far been liberated from ‘klesas’.

42. 出言不量力 雲何非顛狂 故於滅煩惱 應恆不退怯
Probably, then I spoke like a crazy fool ignorant of my own capacity. However, I shall not retrace my steps now from the battle against klesas.

43. 我應愛著此 懷恨於彼戰 此似煩惱心 唯能滅煩惱
I shall here become a fighter for my vow and I shall fight against klesas as a sworn foe, because there is no wrong in so hating and fighting against them.

44. 吾寧被燒殺 或遭斷頭苦 然我決不可 屈就煩惱賊
My weapons may wear out; my head may indeed fall off for sure; but I will not bow low or surrender before these klesas, — my enemies.

45. 驅凡常敵出此境 則便盤據住他鄉 養足能力旋復返 煩惱賊則不如是
An exiled enemy settles down in another country and returns again when he gains power. However, such is not the case with enemy called klesa.

46. 煩惱若為慧眼斷 驅出吾意何所之 居子何處返害我 然我懦弱乏精進
These miserable klesas can be overcome by the eye of wisdom. Once banished from the mind, where will they settle down to (regain power and) plan my ouster. But as fool as I am, I alone am a gutless coward.

47. 煩惱非住於外境 非住根身非中間 此外亦非其它處 居於何處害眾生
Klesas do not exist in objects, nor in sense organs, nor in between these two, nor do they exist anywhere else. Then, where do they exist and how do they churn the entire world?

48. 此惑如幻心莫懼 應為智慧勤精進 雲何我於地獄中 毫無意義受傷害
They are verily an illusion. So, give up the fears of your heart and practice perseverance for attaining prajna or discrimination (wisdom). Why torture yourself in hells for no reason?

49. 如上思已當盡力 修成所說諸學處 倘若不聽醫師囑 需藥病人何能愈
Therefore, having so made up my mind, I shall endeavour to put into practice the teachings as explained (by the bodhisattva teachers). How will a patient be cured by medicines if he ignores the advice of the physicans?